Tax Bracket Calculator — 2024 US Federal Income Tax
Find exactly how much federal income tax you owe for 2024. Enter your gross income, filing status, and deduction, and see the tax calculated bracket by bracket — with your effective rate and after-tax income. Brackets are 2024 US federal figures and are editable.
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Effective rate: 11.12% | Marginal rate: 22%
How does this calculator work?
US federal income tax is progressive: each bracket only taxes the income that falls within it. Subtract your deduction from gross income, then multiply each layer by its bracket rate and sum them. 2024 rates: 10%→12%→22%→24%→32%→35%→37%. Effective rate = total tax ÷ gross income.
Formula
How this is calculated
The US federal income tax system is progressive: each additional dollar of income is taxed at the rate of the bracket it falls into, not at a single flat rate. Taxable income (gross income minus deductions) is split into layers that correspond to the seven brackets (10%, 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35%, 37%), and tax is computed separately for each layer then summed.
This calculator uses the 2024 IRS tax brackets (for the return filed in 2025). The standard deduction reduces taxable income before brackets are applied — $14,600 for single filers, $29,200 for married filing jointly, $21,900 for head of household in 2024. You can replace the deduction with your itemised total if itemising produces a larger benefit.
The effective tax rate (total tax ÷ gross income) is the average rate you actually pay and is always lower than the marginal rate (the rate on the last bracket entered). A common misconception is that earning more "pushes you into a higher bracket" and makes you worse off — this is false because only the income above the bracket threshold is taxed at the higher rate, not your entire income.
Frequently asked questions
The marginal rate is the rate applied to your last (highest) dollar of income — it is the bracket you are "in". The effective rate is the total tax divided by total gross income — it is lower because only the income within each bracket is taxed at that bracket's rate. For example, a $100,000 single filer in 2024 has a 22% marginal rate but an effective rate of roughly 15%.
If your itemised deductions (mortgage interest, state/local taxes up to $10,000 SALT cap, charitable gifts, certain medical expenses) exceed the standard deduction, itemising lowers your tax. Most filers benefit from the standard deduction after the 2017 TCJA nearly doubled it. Enter your itemised total in the deduction field to compare.
No — this calculator covers US federal income tax only. FICA taxes (Social Security 6.2% up to the wage base, Medicare 1.45%) are separate payroll deductions. State income tax varies widely (0% in nine states, up to ~13% in California). Add these separately to get your total tax burden.
Also known as
TG we-Calculate Editorial Team. (2026). Tax Bracket Calculator — 2024 US Federal Income Tax [Online calculator]. TG we-Calculate. https://we-calculate.com/calculator/tax-bracket-calculator
TG we-Calculate Editorial Team. "Tax Bracket Calculator — 2024 US Federal Income Tax." TG we-Calculate. 2026. https://we-calculate.com/calculator/tax-bracket-calculator.
TG we-Calculate Editorial Team, "Tax Bracket Calculator — 2024 US Federal Income Tax," TG we-Calculate, 2026. [Online]. Available: https://we-calculate.com/calculator/tax-bracket-calculator
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